Seven thousand years ago jars containing the remains of wine have been excavated in the Zagros Mountains in Iran, which are now on display at the University of Pennsylvania.There is strong evidence that people were fermenting beverages in Babylon circa 5000 BC, ancient Egypt circa 3150 BC, pre-Hispanic Mexico circa 2000 BC,and Sudan circa 1500 BC.There is also evidence of leavened bread in ancient Egypt circa1500 BC and of milk fermentation in Babylon circa 3000 BC.French chemist Louis Pasteur was the first known zymologist, when in 1854 he connected yeast to fermentation. Years ago in Georgia, in the Caucasus area. The earliest evidence of winemaking dates from eight thousand Since ancient times, however, humans have been controlling the fermentation process. Since fruits ferment naturally, fermentation precedes human history. Fermentation is also employed in preservation techniques to create lactic acid in sour foods such asВ sauerkraut, dry sausages,В kimchi andВ yogurt, or vinegar (acetic acid) for use inВ pickling foods. The science of fermentation is known asВ zymology.ДЇermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desirable, and the process is used to produce alcoholic beverages such as wine ,В beer, andВ cider. A more restricted definition of fermentation is the chemical conversion ofВ sugars intoВ ethanol. Fermentation is also employed in preservation techniques to create lactic acid in sour foods such as sauerkraut, dry sausages, kimchi and yoghurt, or vinegar for use in pickling foods.ДЇermentationВ inВ food processingВ typically is the conversion ofВ carbohydrates toВ alcohols and carbon dioxide or organic acids usingВ yeasts, bacteria or a combination thereof, under anaerobic conditions. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desirable, and the process is used to produce alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, and cider. The science of fermentation is known as zymology.

A more restricted definition of fermentation is the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol. I became interested in this idea when i saw some experiments on fermentation and wanted to find out some scientific facts about fermentation.The primary benefit of fermentation is the conversion of sugars and other carbohydrates,e.g., converting juice into wine, grains into beer, carbohydrates into carbon dioxide to leaven bread, and sugars in vegetables into preservative organic acids.ДЇermentation typically is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohols and carbon dioxide or organic acids using yeasts, bacteria, or a combination thereof, under anaerobic conditions. The purpose of the experiment is - to compare the rate of fermentation ofthe given samples of wheat flour,gram flour, rice flour and potatoes. I do hereby declare that this project work has been originally carried under the guidance and supervision of

SMRUTI BEHERA,Chemistry Teacher who guided me to do this project successful completion of thus project.I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude for her invalueable guidance,constant encouragement,constructive comments,sympathetic attitude and immense motivationb which has sustainedmy effort at all stages of this project work. MANJULA ROY,DEEPIKA ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL,ROURKELA for her encouragement and for all the facilities that she provided for this project work.I sincerely appreciate this magnanemityby taking me into her fold for which i shall remain indebted to her. I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to

SMRUTI BEHERA during academic session 2009-2010. This is to certify that this project is submitted by TANUJA NAIK to the chemistry department,DEEPIKA ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL,ROURKElA was carried out by her under the guidance and supervision of MS. To compare the rate of fermentation of given sample of wheatДЇlour,gram flour,rice flour and potato using yeast. WHEAT FLOUR,GRAM FLOUR,RICE FLOUR AND POTATO. TO COMPARE RATE OF FERMENTATION OF GIVEN SAMPLE OF

Chemlab 12 compare rates of evaporation